Importance of missingness in baseline variables: A case study of the All of Us Research Program is a dataset published in PLoS ONE (2023). On theSindex it has a DataRank of 0.918, placing it in the top 22.1% of the data-sharing corpus. It has been cited 7 times, with 7 citing works in its 1-hop citation network. Its calibrated FAIR score is 21/100.
Ranks in the top 22% for downstream scientific impact
Linked data & code
DataRank reads this dataset's downstream impact straight off the citation graph — no black box, no proprietary weighting. How is this computed?
FAIR checklist signals are shown for context only and do not affect DataRank scoring.
Full FAIR picture · advisory
The headline score is computed from the scored criteria — the fact-shaped checks (a repository, an accession, a licence) that two independent models agree on. The advisory criteria below are real FAIR guidance but rest on judgment calls that models read differently, so they inform without moving the number.
The paper does not provide any persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, ARK, URN, or repository accession) for the dataset it analyzed. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]
RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit · RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier' · FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'
“Data is owned by a third party, the All of Us Research Program.”
The named holder is the All of Us Research Program, a project/consortium website, not a curated repository that issues persistent identifiers. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]
RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed ( · NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived · NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten
No identifier for the dataset appears anywhere in the body or reference list; the data are not cited as a reference. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]
FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first- · RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes · FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'
Advisory · not in the published score
“Data is owned by a third party, the All of Us Research Program. The data underlying this article were provided by the All of Us Research Program by permission that can be sought by scientists and the public alike. The Researcher Workbench is a cloud-based platform where registered researchers can access Registered and Controlled Tier data, including the data presented here. Researchers/citizen scientists must verify their identity and complete the All of Us Research Program data access process to access the Researcher Workbench and Registered Tier data. Once this process is completed, the data will be made available to all persons. More information on data access can be found in the All of Us Research Hub ( https://www.researchallofus.org/ ) as is the option to register for access. The authors did not have any special access privileges to this data that other researchers would not have.”
The statement exists but points to a third-party data access process, not to a repository record with a persistent identifier for the authors' own dataset. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]
Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li · Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat · RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes
“We extracted survey responses between May 31, 2017, to September 30, 2020.”
The dataset is described in running prose (e.g., extraction date range, participant count) without an itemised inventory such as a table or list of files/variables. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]
RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential) · FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability' · FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'
“Researchers/citizen scientists must verify their identity and complete the All of Us Research Program data access process to access the Researcher Workbench and Registered Tier data.”
The access route carries a precondition: identity verification and completion of the data access process, so it is not unconditionally open. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]
RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol' · FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data' · NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'
Advisory · not in the published score
“The Researcher Workbench is a cloud-based platform where registered researchers can access Registered and Controlled Tier data, including the data presented here.”
The paper describes the access action (registration and identity verification) but does not label the access level with a standard term like 'restricted access'. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]
FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data' · RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data · COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl
“Researchers/citizen scientists must verify their identity and complete the All of Us Research Program data access process to access the Researcher Workbench and Registered Tier data.”
The paper describes an institutional gatekeeper: the All of Us Research Program data access process, which is a defined procedure involving identity verification. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]
NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee · RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and · NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse
The paper neither states how long the data will persist nor gives a specific timeline for when they become available; it only describes a conditional access process. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]
NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines · NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy' · RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'
The paper does not name any file format for the released data.
FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co · RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard · RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format
Advisory · not in the published score
No data or metadata community standard (e.g., MIAME, ISA-Tab, OBO ontology) is named in the paper.
RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential) · RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard' · RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'
No identifier (accession, DOI, RRID, genome build) is provided for any external resource that the data depend on or derive from. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]
RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data' · RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata' · FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'
No licence or terms document is named for the data; the article's CC BY license applies to the paper, not the data.
RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu · RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence' · RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'
Neither a version token nor a single date is given to pin the snapshot of the data used; only a date range for extraction is provided. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]
DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property · RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance) · NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'
No code availability statement or locator is provided; only the R version and package name are mentioned, not a repository or DOI.
NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code' · FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear · FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)
“This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health ( https://allofus.nih.gov/ ) 5U2COD023196 (RMC, XF, LS, BMM, SG, AS, RJ, MPC, QC) and 3OT2OD026550 (BKA). (Additional support included the National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute ( https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ ) K23HL141447 (RMC).”
The paper lists specific award numbers (5U2COD023196, 3OT2OD026550, K23HL141447) attached to named funders.
DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award · Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata · RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco
Advisory · not in the published score
“All analyses were performed using the R Programming Language 3.3.0.”— not found in the paper; verdict downgraded
The paper names the specific software (R version 3.3.0) and packages used for the analysis, providing a version-tokened tool. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]
RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa · FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati · W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance
Neither a documentation object shipped with the data nor a variable-definition table inside the article is present.
RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu · FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data' · NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t
Calibrated FAIR score — a parallel quality metric, independent of the DataRank citation score. See the full evaluation →
Base Score Contribution
0.312
From this paper's citation signal
Citation Network Contribution
0.606
From 4 citing papers with measurable signal
Ranked by each citer's contribution to N(p) — log1p(Cq) divided by its reference count — out of 7 citers.
National Institutes of Health
Grant: 5U2COD023196
National Institutes of Health
Grant: 3OT2OD026550
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Grant: K23HL141447
NIH HHS
Grant: U2C OD023196
NIH HHS
Grant: OT2 OD026550
NIMHD NIH HHS
Grant: R21 MD019103
MeSH Terms